- LMP (Last Menstrual Period)
- The first day of the most recent menstrual period before conception. LMP is the standard reference point for calculating gestational age and estimated due date because conception date is rarely known with certainty.
- EDD (Estimated Due Date)
- The projected date of delivery calculated as 280 days (40 weeks) from the LMP. The EDD is a statistical estimate — most births occur within two weeks before or after this date.
- Naegele's Rule
- A standard obstetric formula for calculating EDD: take the first day of the LMP, subtract three months, and add one year and seven days. The net result equals LMP plus 280 days.
- Gestational Age
- The age of a pregnancy measured in weeks and days from the first day of the LMP. Gestational age is always about two weeks more than the actual fetal age from conception, and it is the standard used in medical charts.
- Trimester
- One of three roughly equal stages of pregnancy. The first trimester spans weeks 1–12, the second weeks 13–26, and the third weeks 27 through delivery. Each trimester carries distinct developmental milestones and medical checkpoints.
- Ovulation
- The release of an egg from the ovary, typically occurring around day 14 of a 28-day cycle. Conception requires fertilisation within 12–24 hours of ovulation. Cycle-length adjustments in due-date calculators estimate the actual ovulation day.